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Different outboard engine brands require different transom dimensions and sizes. This affects performance and trim.
| Outboard brand | Model | Transom angle | Max transom thickness | Transom to bulkhead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F350 | 12° | 712 mm | ||
| F300 | 12° | 712 mm | ||
| DE 300 | 14° | 68.58 mm | ||
| G2 300 HP | 14° | |||
| DF 300 AP | 14° | 81 mm | ||
| 300 HP | 14° | |||
| 5.0HP | 14° | |||
| 2.5HP | 14° |
The first known outboard motor was a small 11 pound (5 kg) electric unit designed around 1870 by Gustave Trouvé,[9] and patented in May 1880 (Patent N° 136,560).[10] Later about 25 petrol powered outboards may have been produced in 1896 by American Motors Co[9]-but neither of these two pioneering efforts appear to have had much impact.
The Waterman outboard engine appears to be the first gasoline-powered outboard offered for sale in significant numbers.[11] It was developed from 1903 in Grosse Ile, Michigan, with a patent application filed in 1905[12]Starting in 1906,[13][14] the company went on to make thousands of his "Porto-Motor"[15] units,[16] claiming 25,000 sales by 1914.[17] The inboard boat motor firm of Caille Motor Company of Detroit were instrumental in making the cylinder and engines.
The most successful early outboard motor,[16] was created by Norwegian-American inventor Ole Evinrude in 1909.[18] Historically, a majority of outboards have been two-stroke powerheads fitted with a carburetor due to the design's inherent simplicity, reliability, low cost and light weight. Drawbacks include increased pollution, due to the high volume of unburned gasoline and oil in their exhaust, and louder noise.
Although four-stroke outboards have been sold since the late 1920s, particularly Roness and Sharland, in 1962 Homelite introduced a commercially viable four cycle outboard a 55-horsepower (41 kW) motor, based on the four-cylinder Crosley automobile engine. This was called the Bearcat and was later purchased by Fischer-Pierce, the makers of Boston Whaler, for use in their boats because of their advantages over two-stroke engines. In 1964, H Motor Co. introduced its first four-stroke powerhead.[19] In 1984, Yamaha introduced their first four-stroke powerhead. These motors were only available in the low-power range. In 1990 H released 35 hp and 45 hp four-stroke models. They continued to lead in the development of four-stroke engines throughout the 1990s as US and European exhaust emissions regulations such as CARB (California Air Resources Board) led to the proliferation of four-stroke outboards. At first, North American manufacturers such as Mercury and OMC used engine technology from Japanese manufacturers such as Yamaha and Suzuki until they were able to develop their own four-stroke engine. The inherent advantages of four-stroke motors included: lower pollution (especially oil in the water), noise reduction, increased fuel economy, and increased torque at low engine speeds.
Mercury Racing, Suzuki Marine, Tohatsu Outboards, Yamaha Marine, and China marine have all developed new four-stroke engines. Some are carburetted, usually the smaller engines. The balance are electronically fuel-injected. Depending on the manufacturer, newer engines benefit from advanced technology such as multiple valves per cylinder, variable camshaft timing , boosted low end torque 3-way cooling systems, and closed loop fuel injection. Mercury Verado four-strokes are unique in that they are supercharged.
Mercury Marine, Mercury Racing, Tohatsu, Yamaha Marine, Nissan and Evinrude each developed computer-controlled direct-injected two-stroke engines. Each brand boasts a different method of DI.
Fuel economy on both direct-injected and four-stroke outboards measures from a 10 percent to 80 percent improvement compared with conventional two-strokes.[20]
However, the gap between two-stroke and four-stroke outboard fuel economy is beginning to narrow. Two-stroke outboard motor manufacturers have recently introduced technologies that help to improve two-stroke fuel economy.[21]
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